Many ruins testify to human settlements since prehistoric times.
Above Anduze, the site of the Grande Paillières conserves many megalithic vestiges and dolmens from the neolithic period. From the top of the hill, the panorama over the Cévennes is grandiose.
Gauls and Romans left an Oppidum and a Castrum at the summit of the Saint-Julien rock.
In the 12th century, the fiefdom Anduze was one of the most powerful in Languedoc. It was attached to the French monarchy in 1266.
In the 16th century, the now fortified town had a population of 6,000 and became an important center of Protestantism in the Cevennes, which, with its republican system, aspired to organizing itself as a distinct state. Anduze became the general headquarters of the Duke of Rohan, chief of the Protestant resistance during the wars that he lead starting in 1621 against the armies of King Louis XIII. The king's pardon was granted with the Peace Treaty of Alès in 1629 on the condition that the ramparts be demolished. Today, only one tower remains, saved thanks to its function as a clock tower.
If Anduze regained its prosperity thanks to the silk industry, it lost its position of dominance with the growth of Alès and its coal mines, before being hit by the recession like the rest of the Cévennes.